Help Winter Potty Training Puppy

Hello! My husband and I got our first puppy, a 10-week old male mini aussiedoodle on Sunday. My husband has no experience with pets. I had a dog growing up but was young when she was trained so for all intents and purposes let’s just say I have no experience either.

Coupled with the cold (low 30s-20s) we also live on the third floor apartment. Right now we’re using turf washable potty pads on our balcony and trying to bring him outside on the ground level for 5-10 minutes on the hour since it’s so cold. He’ll use the potty pad outside and has peed/pooped a few times on the actual grass on ground level. I used to give him a treat for the balcony but now that he’s successfully gone outside on the ground I only give him a treat if he goes on the ground now. Sometimes he’ll go downstairs pee, and we’ll come back inside only for him to pee on the carpet.

I read puppies don’t always empty their bladder all the way on the first pee, so I know I shouldn’t bring him up if he pees once but it’s hard because I can see him shiver (he wears a jacket and I ordered booties for him too) and he cries until I bring him inside.

I’m expecting it to take 4-6 months to fully train realistically but is there anything that I’m doing that I should do differently? Should we do the pee breaks more often like every 30 minutes?

TIA!